The author

Armand Launay, the author, was born in Pont-de-l’Arche in 1980. At the moment, he works as a library-assistant and he maintains his interest the heritage of his home-town.  

He publishes a quarterly magazine on the history of Pont-de-l’Arche and the neighbouring cities (“La Fouine magazine”).  

Every summer, he leads guided tours for the inhabitants of Pont-de-l’Arche and, all year round, he will take the tourists looking for a guide, around every lane and street of his fine medieval city.  

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Notre-Dame de Bonport abbey

Lundi 5 mars 2007

Cistercian order.

 

 

 

          The Abbey Notre-Dame de Bonport was founded in 1190 by Richard the Lion Heart, King of England, Duke of Normandy.

 

 

 

         According to legend, the King was in peril on the river Seine and made a vow that if he arrived safely (in French " Bon port ") on the bank of the river, he would found a monastery on that side.

 

 

 

         This royal foundation took place before Richard the Lion Heart and Philip Augustus, King of France, who were friends at the time, left for their crusade. Its strategic position on the Seine fulfils Richard’s wish of a political and economic opening of Normandy towards France.

 

 

 

          The Abbey was built shortly afterwards and quickly with the help of local lords and was completed and in full use by the first half of the 13th Century. 

 

 

 

          From Philip Augustus (1204) to Henry IV (1608), the kings confirmed the possessions of the Abbey and gave the monks many privileges. One of the famous archbishops of Rouen, Eudes Rigaut, went to stay there about twenty times between 1260 and 1267. 

 

 

 

          The Abbey suffered during the Hundred Years War and the League (" du bien public ", i.e. a revolt of the landlords against Louis XI). It was restored thanks to royal donations of Charles VI and Louis XI during the 15th Century. 

 

 

 

          From 1536 onwards the Abbey was held in commendams, which meant that the abbots were no longer chosen by the monks but named through royal favours and were often unconcerned by monastic life. 

 

 

 

          The best-known commendatory abbots were the poet Philippe Desportes, the Cardinal of Polignac and King Casimir of Poland. 

 

 

 

          François 1st called upon Rouen Parlement from Bonport to register the order of Villers-Cotterêts (1539) according to which he substituted Latin by French in judgements, notary deeds and register of births, marriages and death. In 1540, on the territory of Abbey, he tested his culverins (type of cannon) which he had just made. 

 

 

 

          During the 12th and 13th Centuries, the Abbey was repaired and improved, the dormitory and the library were improved and a big staircase was built. 

 

 

 

          It was sold by a public possession during the Revolution and the Cloister and Church were destroyed. 

 

 

 

          Notre-Dame de Bonport Abbey is one of the few remaining Cistercian Abbeys in Normandy with cloistral buildings of the Middle Ages including a chapter-house, a monk’s room, the former library, a dormitory, kitchens and above all a magnificent 13th Century vaulted refectory. 

 

 

 

 (extract from a document given in this Abbey)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Par Armand LAUNAY
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Lundi 5 mars 2007

 

   It’s a private estate.  

4 € (= £ 2.65) : admission fee for adults.  

2 € (= £ 1.32) : admission fee for children.  

No reduced rates for the unemployed or students (even on Heritage days).  

The access to the abbey is from the road from Pont-de-l’Arche. The car-park is at the entrance, just before the main gate, about 500 metres (= 550 yards) from the buildings. So access to disabled and old people is not very convenient (as well as in the abbey because of the stairs). The only part of the abbey these people will be able to visit are the park, the chapter-house, the old Hall, the Scriptorium, a few minor rooms, and they’ll have a look inside the Refectory. 

Listed as a place of historic interest in 1942, that old Cistercian abbey was built for Richard the Lionheart from 1190 to 1225.  

 

Le Batelier d’Aviron, a chronicler in the Renaissance, tells a story to explain its name; Bonport: Richard the Lionheart nearly drowned in the Seine, which flows past the abbey, as he was hunting. In the middle of the stream, he promised to have a monastery built for Virgin Mary if she saved him by making him reach the bank. The people who have shown interest in the abbey usually retain that “good port” story.  

Beyond the words and the chivalrous jokes, we think that the “goog port” is that of the Christian God’s son among the people. That’s what one of the coats of arms in the abbey seems to suggest since it represents a Nativity.  

The specific features of Cistercian, therefore Gothic architecture: the intersecting ribs, the sculpted capitals,… date back to the time of the building.  

The remaining buildings which make Bonport particularly interesting are: the refectory (with a service hatch and worn tiles dating back to medieval time), the kitchen (with a huge central fireplace).    

 

In order to compensate time’s damages, the occupants them reshaped quite a lot of rooms. That’s why going from one room into another, into that of a 17th and 18th century castle. The old hall of the abbey became a sitting-room, warmed up by beautiful paneling, contrasting sharply with the neat Cistercian curves in the adjoining Scriptorium. The sacristy of the former church was converted into a kitchen… and a library found its place in a sumptuous study with a wooden floor inlaid in the French way. There are no books left. The monks’ dormitory, on the first floor, has become a huge corridor with, above, a paneled barrel-vault (but it is hidden behind a dull wooden plastered ceiling). 

 

 

As for the cloister, at Notre-Dame church, the lodgings, the lay-brothers’ buildings, the churchyard, they were used as a stone quarry when the abbey was bought by local middle-class people after 1790. So some stones from the abbey can still be seen in Criquebeuf, Sotteville-sous-le-Val, Pont-de-l’Arche, Alizay,… for they show the waterplant decoration which is the mark of Cistercian sculpture.  

 

In the park, the bases of a few pillars and walls of the old church give us an idea of its dimensions and architectural features (for example, its chapels, radiating from the ambulatory).  

You may get in touch with me for further information. 

Par Armand LAUNAY
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